The two most important criminal organizations in Mexico are engaged in all-out war, and the most spectacular battles are being fought for the cameras as the combatants pursue a strategy of intimidation and propaganda by dumping ever greater numbers of headless bodies in public view — the victims most likely innocents. No longer limiting themselves to regional skirmishes, the older, established drug-smuggling Sinaloa cartel now is fighting the brash, young paramilitary Los Zetas crime organization across multiple front lines in a desperate fight, according to U.S. and Mexican law-enforcement officials and security analysts on both sides of the border. The two gangs and their surrogates continue to kill each other quietly, but they also are staging public massacres to terrify civilians, cow authorities and taunt outgoing President Felipe Calderón, who has made his U.S.-backed confrontation against the cartels a centerpiece of his administration. "What was once viewed as extreme is now normal. So these gangs must find new extremes. And the only real limit is their imagination, and you do not want to know what is the limit of psychopaths," said Alejandro Hope, a security analyst with the Mexican Institute for Competitiveness, a nonpartisan think tank. In the past month alone, in what authorities describe as a gruesome version of text messaging, the two criminal groups and their allies deposited 14 headless bodies in front of city hall in the border city of Nuevo Laredo, and hanged nine people, including four women, from a bridge in the same city. They have left 18 dismembered bodies in vans near Lake Chapala, an area frequented by tourists and U.S. retirees near Guadalajara. They used a dump truck to unload 49 more corpses, missing not only heads but also feet and hands, outside Monterrey, Mexico's main industrial city. To guarantee the widest possible audience, they posted a video of themselves dumping the bodies, plus a banner: "Gulf cartel, Sinaloa cartel, marines and soldiers, nobody can do anything against us or they will lose. ... " It was signed with names of Zeta leaders. "We've had over recent weeks these despicable inhuman acts in different parts of the country that are part of an irrational struggle mainly between two of the existing criminal organizations and their criminal allies," Interior Minister Alejandro Poiré said. Many of the victims have not been identified, and in the case of the 49 decapitated corpses, their heads have not been recovered. It appears likely the victims might not have been members of the warring groups but street criminals, addicts, civilians or migrants passing through on their way to the United States. "The killings are done to draw a response from the media, from the government, to bring in the military," said Jorge Chabat of the Center for Investigation and Economic Studies. "So these victims, they are not members of the organizations. They are just random guys. All the evidence suggests this. "They have never been very careful about who they kill. They just kill." For the past few months, based on wiretaps, intelligence from informants and arrests, U.S. and Mexican law-enforcement agents say they have been watching the Zetas make incursions deep into the Sinaloa cartel's traditional territories — even in Sierra Madre towns such as Badiraguato and Choix, once believed to be impregnable strongholds for Sinaloa's leader, Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzmán, Mexico's most wanted man. The motivation behind the massacres? "These acts show force. They tell the world, the government, their opponents, that 'I am alive! You have not defeated me. I still am here.' They show muscle," said Martin Barron, an expert on security at the National Institute of Criminal Science. "Now why have things gone so far? Such brutality? Why cut off the heads, hands and feet? Previously, these organizations settled matters with a bullet in the head. Not anymore. Now there is a psychopathology at work. Some of these people obviously enjoy this, and they are teaching their surrogates, teenagers, to enjoy it," Barron said. To bolster their defense of regions they control, and to destabilize their opponents, both groups have taken the fight to the other's territory. Part of this strategy is to "heat up the plaza" — a plaza being a city or town where a criminal group controls corrupt officials and police as well as smuggling routes, a network of safe houses, armories of stashed weapons, and teams dedicated to spying, collecting money and killing. By heating up a plaza, the warring sides hope to bring in a forceful response by authorities — sending in the army or marines, who round up local crime cells and put pressure on the dominant group. The assassins almost always leave "narcomantas," neatly printed manifestos full of expletives and obscure rants that claim authorship for killings. The manifestos sometimes are accurate; other times they are designed to confuse. In the case of the 49 mutilated bodies left last week outside Monterrey, the Zetas first asserted responsibility, then denied it in other banners hung across the state, then finally took credit, perhaps reluctantly, when Mexican military forces arrested Daniel Elizondo, alias "The Madman," a leader of the local Zetas cell. Elizondo told authorities he had been ordered by the Zeta leadership to dump the bodies in the center of Cadereyta, an industrial town on the outskirts of Monterrey, but that he became frightened and put them on the highway leading outside of town. There is no way to know whether Elizondo's confession was true or made under duress. Those arrested for massacres never are tried in open court, records are almost impossible to obtain, and most never are put before a judge but sent to jail and eventually released. Mexico's prosecution rate for homicides is low. U.S. law-enforcement and Mexican analysts say the outbreak of war is not designed to influence the July 1 presidential election directly. But front-runner Enrique Peña Nieto of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which hopes to return to power after 12 years, has stressed he is more interested in lowering violence than in drug trafficking. This would put Peña Nieto squarely against the Zetas, who specialize more in carjacking, kidnapping, extortion and smuggling migrants than in smuggling cocaine and marijuana.
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